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About this Wiki This Wiki was created by Dr. Mark Moritz's Anthropology 620.01 class, Autumn Quarter in 2007 at The Ohio State University. It is annually updated by subsequent Anthropology 620.01...
Once in the early 1970s a Philippine Army intelligence officer asked me to check, as I explored up the coast of northeastern Luzon beyond Palanan, if the "Aetas" really had tails. A few days...
Aka
Overview The Aka pygmies are a hunter-gatherer group living in the tropical forest regions of South Central Africa and north Congo-Brazzaville. The camps in which they live range from 25 to 30...
A Kalahari Family (2002) "A Kalahari Family is a five-part, six-hour series documenting 50 years in the lives of the Ju/'hoansi of southern Africa, from 1951 to 2000. These once independent...
This page is an alphabetical listing of the Forager Societies covered in this Wiki. Click on the group name to view each society's in-depth page. Aché A group who lived and foraged in the forests...
Alycia's Bibliography Blundell, Valda 1980 Hunter-Gatherer Territoriality: Ideology and Behavior in Northwest Australia. Ethnohistory: Duke University Press 27(2):103-117. (key words -...
Ambush hunting is designed to take advantage of the feeding behavior of forest antelopes. A man will scout out a tree with fruits that the antelopes enjoy, and will construct a perch 2.5 feet from...
Andrew Brooks Egalitarianism – Critical Review of a Research Article Article Citation Cashdan, Elizabeth A. 1980 Egalitarianism among Hunters and Gatherers. American Anthropologist, New Series...
Alvard, M.S. 1998. Evolutionary ecology and resource conservation. Evolutionary Anthropology ( 7):62-74. This article discusses the concept of resource conservation by Hunter and Gatherer’s. The...
An Urban Woman Marries Into A Rural Family And Wonders If She Made The Right Decision This short video clip from National Geographic features a woman in Tanzania. She struggles with the idea of...
foldunfold Table of Contents Region Language History Early History 8000-6000 B.C. 4000-2500 B.C. 1000 B.C.-1700 A.D. European Contact The Twentieth...
Art and Identity of the Kwa Kwaka'Wakw: Box of Treasures Produced by the U'Mista Cultural Society Filmmaker: Dennis Wheeler Narrator: Gloria Crammer Webster This film focuses on Kwa Kwaka'Wakw...
References Cited Bird, D.W., R. Bliege Bird, and C.H. Parker. 2005 Aboriginal burning regimes and hunting strategies in Australia’s Western Desert. Human Ecology 33: 443-464 Biskup, P. 1968...
Table of Medicinal Plants Used by the Peoples of Central Australia GENERAL MEDICINE SKIN AILMENTS RESPIRATORY SORE EYES WOUNDS & BURNS HEAD ACHES MISCELLANEOUS Acacia adsurgens, Acacia...
Australian Aboriginal Tribes Back to Australian-Aborigines [South Wales] [Territory] Queensland South Australia Tasmania Victoria Western Australia [New South...
Back to Homepage for Australian-Aborigines Biskup, P. 1968 White-Aboriginal Relations in Western Australia: An Overview. Comparative Studies in Society and History. 10(4):447-457. (Key words:...
foldunfold Table of Contents Introduction Pre-European Contact Settlement and Geography Aboriginal Life - Reconstructed Tribes and Languages The Dreaming Territory Food Environment Management...
Overview The Baka are a group of Central African foragers living in the western Congo-Zaire river valley, and also Cameroon. The Baka live in single-family homes called mongulus, which are made...
Baka: People of the Forest Produced by National Geographic, Baka People of the Forest follows the everyday lives of a Baka family. View a short clip of the film here. Another clip can be found...
Here you can find links to a page with annotated bibliographies and one without annotations.
Australian Aboriginals Biskup, P. 1968 White-Aboriginal Relations in Western Australia: An Overview. Comparative Studies in Society and History. 10(4):447-457. (Key words: Colonization, race...
To learn more about Arctic foragers refer to the Arctic foragers page. Overview There are a variety of Eskimo in the Arctic. Differences can be seen between inland and coastal groups. In the...
Return to sexual division of labor page. To learn more about the Shoshone refer to the Great Basin Indians page. Overview In the Great Basin Shoshone, individual families are the primary...
Return to Sexual division of labor page For more information on the !Kung and other Southern African foragers refer to the Southern African foragers page. Overview The !Kung live predominately in...
Return to sexual division of labor page. To learn more about Northwest Coast Indians refer to the Northwest Coast Indians page. Overview The Tolowa, of Northern California, have a diet based...
Return to sexual division of labor page. For more information on the Ona and other South American foragers refer to the South American foragers page. Overview The Ona, otherwise known as Selk'nam,...
foldunfold Table of Contents Introduction Ethnographies of Central African Foragers External links Introduction In Central Africa, there are four main foraging groups that live in the...
Return to the sexual division of labor page. Zeanah, David W. 2004 Sexual division of labor and central place foraging: a model for the Carson Desert of western Nevada. Journal of Anthropological...
Children of the Forest- India This is a documentary about the Chenchu, a tribe of hunter-gathers living in India. They are under pressure to adapt farming techniques and move out of a tiger...
Introduction Stereotypically, hunter-gatherer groups are thought to be simple, egalitarian societies, such as the Ju/’hoansi, who are characterized by equal access to resources and immense...
For course information Dr. Mark Moritz Department of Anthropology The Ohio State University 4058 Smith Laboratory 174 W. 18th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1106 Phone: +1 (614)...
Few foraging societies continue to live in the way they are represented in ethnographic accounts. Political and economic pressure has forced most of them to change their traditional ways, often to...
Return to the sexual division of labor page. Draper, Patricia. 1975 !Kung Women: Contrasts in Sexual Egalitarianism in Foraging and Sedentary Contexts: a critical review. Toward an Anthropology of...
Click on the book title for more information Balikci, Asen 1989 [1970] The Netsilik Eskimo. Prospect Heights (IL): Waveland Press. [link to amazon page] Kelly, Robert L. 2007 The foraging spectrum...
Broadhurst, Robert 1997 Aborigines and Crime in Australia. Crime and Justice 21: 407-468 Crawford, I.M. 1972 Function and Change in Aboriginal Rock Art, Western Australia. World Archaeology...
image from Fort Clasto Bookstore Back to Northwest Coast Indians
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Our discussion board is located at the following link: http://foragerdisccussion.wikidot.com/start Please feel free to leave us comments or questions. We will try to answer any questions as quickly...
Introduction The indigenous hunter-gatherer groups of East Africa predate the Bantu movement into this region. These groups include the Okiek (or Ogiek), Sengwer, Yaaku, Hadza (or Hadzabe), Akie,...
Return to the sexual division of labor page. Halperin, Rhoda H. 1980. Ecology and Mode of Production: Seasonal Variation and the Division of Labor by Sex Among Hunter-Gatherers. Journal of...
Overview The Efe are a group of foragers living in the Ituri Forest in the Democratic Republic of Congo. They share this region with three other groups of Central African Foragers. Of these...
Introduction Egalitarianism in anthropology refers to a type of social organization in which individuals have no real authority over each other (Woodburn 1982:431). No individual or group controls...
The Culture Area Concept Problematic early theoretical use of the idea that one could delineate a specific geographic area which could clearly explain borders of cultures. Originally coined by Otis...
Many foraging societies tend to restrict group size. Different societies employ different mechanisms to limit group membership, but how do they accomplish this? This page is dedicated to exploring...
Africa A Kalahari Family (2002) "A Kalahari Family is a five-part, six-hour series documenting 50 years in the lives of the Ju/'hoansi of southern Africa, from 1951 to 2000. These once...
Deleted scene from The Netsilik Eskimo Film Series ;)
Franz Boas wrote of the Northwest Coast Indian's as having "a marvelous knowledge of the properties of various kinds of wood and the ways of handling it." (p.29) Through this knowledge of their...
Kelly made this extensive chart to illustrate the great variability in how hunter-gatherers move.
This extensive chart is an attempt to measure the variability of subsistence practices is somewhat due to the environment. ET is Effective Temperature PP is Primary Production *** Kelly...
Instructors who are interested in integrating wikis in their own courses, can find more information on this page about how I designed and developed the course in 2007 and 2008, including the...
What is Gender Hierarchy? Harris defines it as: Etic behavioral and etic mental inequalities in sex-linked power relationships as evidenced by physical abuse (homicide, assault and battery, rape,...
Affines: people related by marriage, in-laws. Band: a small foraging group with flexible compostion that migrates seasonally. Behavioral Ecology: the study of the ecological and evolutionary basis...
Introduction The Great Basin is a dry desert located in the southwestern United States. The Great Basin Indians were a diverse group of peoples all brought together by a commonality in their...
Group hunting among the Efe is usually done in groups of 4-30 people. These groups are called mota, after the fire around which they discuss the plans of the upcoming hunt. During these hunts, the...
foldunfold Table of Contents Background of the Hain Plot and Purpose of the Hain The Secret Main characters in the Hain The kloketen Xalpen The Shoort The Hayílans Hashé and...
Overview Health and growth and development of foraging societies varies greatly from group to group. Each society has their own ways of coping with health issues and practices of child rearing....
If you are allowed to edit pages in this Site, simply click on edit button at the bottom of the page. This will open an editor with a toolbar pallette with options. To create a link to a new page,...
Man The Hunter Conference Chicago: 1966, "75 scholars, lead by Richard Lee and Irven DeVore met to discuss the status on the existing knowledge of foraging societies and create new perspectives. It...
Marlowe, Frank W. 2007 Hunting and Gathering: The Human Sexual Division of Foraging Labor. Cross-Cultural Research 41(2): 170-195. In the past, the sexual division of labor has been explained as...
Return to the sexual division of labor page. Marlowe, Frank W. 2007 Hunting and Gathering: The Human Sexual Division of Foraging Labor. Cross-Cultural Research 41(2): 170-195. In the past, the...
foldunfold Table of Contents The Iglulingmiut, The Iglulik Subsistence Annual Movement Material Culture Social Structure History Nineteenth Century Twentieth Century The Iglulik Today Further...
foldunfold Table of Contents Disclaimer Australian Aborigines Ainu Bushmen Efe Hadza Inuit Pygmies Netsilik Northwest Coast Indians Piraha of Brazil Shoshone Indians Disclaimer Many of the...
The Ituri Forest The Ituri Forest is found on the northeastern lip of the Zaire River Basin. This forest has the highest number of species of any forest in Africa. 15% of these species are...
Japanese Genetic Roots: Ainu and Native South Americans This video is the first part of an hour-long show in Japanese with excellent subtitles. It takes the reader on the journey of Mr. Kano Oki...
Kate's Bibliography Brady, Wendy 1997 Indigenous Australian Education and Globalisation. International Review of Education 43(5/6):413-422 (keywords - education, mainstreaming) Carey, Hilary M....
Summary Recent ethnographic studies show variability in the social organizations of hunter-gatherer societies. Until recently, archaeologists had thought these groups to be categorically...
Summary Recent ethnographic studies show variability in the social organizations of hunter-gatherer societies. Until recently, archaeologists had thought these groups to be categorically...
foldunfold Table of Contents Introduction The Economic-Defensibility Model The Great Basin Indians: A Case Study of the Economic-Defensibility Model Social-boundary Defense Navajo Land Use and...
Overview The Mbuti live in small groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Central Africa. Subsistence 60% of the Mbuti's carbohydrate annual caloric intake is obtained through a villager...
Membership Application This wiki can only be edited by members. If you want to become a member and make contributions to the wiki, send an moc.liamg|ztirom.kram#liame to the administrator. In your...
Hunting for monkeys is by necessity a solitary activity, as the success of the hunt depends on stealth. The hunter will use his knowledge of the monkey's behavior to predict troupe movement and may...
Artemova, Olga 2003 Monopolization of knowledge, social inequality, and female status: A cross-cultural study. Cross-Cultural Research 37(1):62-80. In this cross cultural study, Artemova asks why...
Here are more references about all things wiki, anthropology, style, and communities of practice: Wikidot Community Portal Wikiscanner NYT public editor Chicago Manual of Style Communities of...
This page contains an annotated bibliography of resources concerning Central African foragers. Aunger, Robert 1994 Are Food Avoidances Maladaptive in the Ituri Forest of Zaire? Journal of...
Nanook of the North (1922) Directed by Robert J. Flaherty, Nanook of the North has been called "the first documentary" by Robert Gardner. It follows Nanook and his nuclear family as they hunt for...
foldunfold Table of Contents The Netsilik Background Subsistence Strategies Fish Weirs and Caribou Runs Social Structure Kinship Marriage Religious/Spiritual Practices Infanticide The Netsilik...
Northern Paiute The Northern Paiutes of the Great Basin lived primarily in the western half of Nevada, an area consisting primarily of the mountains and valleys of the Sierra Nevadas. The people...
The native art of the Northwest Coast is renowned as some of the most intricate and elaborate art found in early societies, especially in the context of hunter gatherer...
foldunfold Table of Contents Introduction Environment Groups Shelter Technology Slavery Food Shellfish Religion Potlatch Art Variation The Kwakiutl The Tlingit References cited External...
Annotated Bibliographies 1. Adams, John W. Recent Ethnology of the Northwest Coast Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 10. (1981), pp. 361-392. In the article, Recent Ethnology of the Northwest...
Discussion It is unclear whether and how the Nyae Nyae Conservancies works today. The chapter by Weaver and Skyer (2005) suggests that the program is working and that the Ju/'hoansi are...
Optimal Foraging Optimal foraging was initially defined as the understanding of the factors affecting nonhuman foraging behavior, in which animals will increase their intake of resources and...
foldunfold Table of Contents The Caribou Inuit Some External Links The Thule Inuit Timeline Some External Links Among the many tribes of Inuit that no longer pursue yearlong hunting and...
Here is where we lay out and negotiate the stylistic rules for the site (as in the Wikipedia style manual). The basic source for style that we will be using will be the style guide for the American...
Art and Identity of the Kwa Kwaka'Wakw: Box of Treasures Produced by the U'Mista Cultural Society Filmmaker: Dennis Wheeler Narrator: Gloria Crammer Webster This film focuses on Kwa Kwaka'Wakw...
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Rabbit Proof Fence (2002) Rabbit Proof Fence is a critically acclaimed Australian film based on the book Follow the Rabbit Proof Fence by Doris Pilkington Garimara. The story takes place in 1931...
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foldunfold Table of Contents What is Anthropology? Foraging Researchers Course Materials Research Links Organizations Music Language Images Art Oral Traditions Food Miscellaneous What is...
Collier, Jane F. and Michelle Z. Rosaldo 1981 Politics and Gender in Simple Societies. In Sexual Meanings: The cultural Construction of Gender and Sexuality. Sherry B. Ortner and Harriet Whitehead,...
Begler, Elsie B. 1978 Sex, Status, and Authority in Egalitarian Society American Anthropologist 80(3): 571-588. Elsie B. Begler, in her article Sex, Status, and Authority in Egalitarian Society,...
Overview The sexual division of labor is defined as the delegation of tasks between males and females. Each society has its own division of labor, which creates a wide range of variation among...
Considered to be a universal characteristic of all foraging societies, sharing is the way in which hunter-gatherers regulate the access of food, material goods, land, and other resources. And while...
Shoshone Shoshone groups were found throughout the Great Basin area. They were located in modern-day Nevada, Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, Montana, and California. The material technology of the Shoshone...
Shoshone-Paiute Singing This video shows the Yerington Nevada Shoshone-Paiute Native American Indian singing Great Basin Round Dance songs as Paiutes, Shoshones, and Washoes dance the Round...
References What-is-a-wiki-site How-to-edit-pages Wikidot syntax Wikidot documentation More references Changes to the Wiki Our-style-guide Recent-posts List all...
Signing up Students enrolled in Anthropology 620.01 Hunter and Gatherers must sign up using the email with invitation sent by the instructor. If you did not receive an invitation, please email me...
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Introduction Foraging societies of South America reside in vastly differing environments, from the tropical forests of the Amazon Basin to the plains and coastal climates of Tierra del Fuego....
South-East Asian Foragers The Agta The Agta are composed of several groups who were historically foragers. Located in the Eastern portion of the Island of Luzon in the Philippines. Today these...
foldunfold Table of Contents Names Location Population Environment Economy Gathering Mongongos and Optimal Foraging Theory Hunting Sharing and the Practice of Insulting the Meat Why...
Southern Paiute The Southern Paiute were found in a large arc that extended west from southern Utah, across southern Nevada and northern Arizona, all the way to California. This environment...
foldunfold Table of Contents Disclaimer Hunter-Gatherers Selected Forager Societies Myths about Hunter-Gatherers Bibliography Disclaimer As with any academic discipline, any information about...
Asen Balikci Image Hosted at http://www.gieff.de/history/giff2006_report.html Ph.D. in Anthropology from Columbia U. Created the 12 Netsilik Eskimo ethnographic films between 1957 and 1965;...
foldunfold Table of Contents Location and Environment History Language Subsistence Hunting and Fishing Gathering Forest to Reservation Sharing Social Organization Settlement Patterns Degree of...
The Ache: Natives of Paraguay This is a clip about the folklore of Paraguay. However, it is spoken in their native language and no subscribes have been added. It is still beneficial to get a visual...
The Babongo People The Babongo are hunter-gatherers who live in the forest of Gabon, Western Africa. The Babongo number around 2,000, live alongside several other pygmy tribes in the heavily...
foldunfold Table of Contents The Copper Inuit (Ulukhaktokmiut) of Holman Isolation Environment Variability Traditional cycle of behavior due to seasonality Subsistence...
Page Information: This page is dedicated to summaries, explanations and reviews of the chapters and content inside The Foraging Spectrum. This page is for both discussion of the book and a...
The Gods Must Be Crazy (1980) Written and directed by Jamie Uys, this film tells the story of a Bushmen band in the Kalahari Desert whose world is turned upside down when a Coke bottle falls from...
The Hadza: The Last Hunter Gatherers Directed by Stefano Cassini, this documentary depicts the Hadza - an ancient Tanzanian tribe and follows them as they struggle with the modern world.
Overview The Hiwi are located in the modern countries of Columbia and Venezuela. The Hiwi are also known as the "people of the savannah"; however, the Hiwi are also called "Sikuani" by the local...
The Hunters (1957) This film is an educational documentary about the Ju/'hoansi or !Kung. It provides an ethnographic account of hunting strategies among this foraging society. Made by John...
Introduction The location of !Kung San in the Dobe area is outside of the main roads of trade and power. The !Kung defended their lands against the attacks from the Blacks and Whites. When the...
foldunfold Table of Contents Research and the Ethnographic Present Location and Environment History Language Subsistence Animal-based Tree and Plant-based Technology Social...
The Ona People: Life and Death in Tierra del Fuego (1977) Documentary by Anne Chapman and Ana Montes de Gonzales following Anne Chapman's work with two Selk'nam (Ona) women in the 1960s. Chapman...
foldunfold Table of Contents Location and Environment History European Contact Language In the News Subsistence Selk'nam Lifestyle Social Organization Kinship Terms Religious Beliefs and...
N!ai, The Story of a !Kung Woman (1978) This documentary from John Marshall portrays a !Kung woman named N!ai who shares her experience from 1951 to 1978. In 1970, the South African government...
foldunfold Table of Contents Relationship to Ona Subsistence Strategies Sexual Division of Labor Social Organization Rituals Clothing Demography Ethnographic Present Bibliography Back to South...
Home Start Films Glossary Course Materials Images Index of forager societies News Resources Bibliographies For instructors About this wiki Topics Complex Forager...
Ute
Ute The Ute, a name which means “land of the sun,” are the basis for the state name of Utah. There are seven major nomadic bands: the Capote, the Mouache, the Parianucs, the Tebeguache, the...
According to Wikipedia, the world largest wiki site: A Wiki ([ˈwiː.kiː] <wee-kee> or [ˈwɪ.kiː] <wick-ey>) is a type of website that allows users to add, remove, or otherwise edit...
What are the sources of conflict that Rosenzweig identifies for historians engaging with Wikipedia? NPOV vs. No objective point of view popular myths vs. expert research Non-preprietary vs. author...
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